What are Catheter-based Treatments?

Catheter-based treatments are minimally invasive procedures where a medical professional reaches the heart by navigating a thin, flexible tube—called a catheter—through blood vessels. These procedures are often performed in a special lab by a specialized team of cardiologists and technicians. Unlike open-heart surgery, this procedure only needs small incisions, which means patients usually recover faster and have fewer risks.

Common Catheter-based Procedures

Catheter-based treatments are tailored to the specific needs of each patient. Here are some common procedures for congenital heart disease:

Device Closure of Heart Defects

For patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) or patent foramen ovale (PFO), a device can be delivered by a catheter to close the hole in the heart. This prevents abnormal blood flow and reduces the risk of complications, like stroke and enlargement of right side of the heart.

Balloon Angioplasty and Stent Placement

Narrowed heart valves or blood vessels, a condition known as stenosis, can be treated with balloon angioplasty. A balloon is inflated at the site of narrowing to open the vessel and a stent (a tiny mesh tube) may be placed to keep it open.

Valve Repairs and Replacements

Some catheter-based procedures allow for the repair or replacement of damaged heart valves. For example, transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement can help patients avoid open-heart surgery when they need pulmonary valve needs replacement.

Closure of Abnormal Blood Vessels

Abnormal connections between blood vessels, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), can be sealed using devices delivered through a catheter.

Benefits of Catheter-based Treatments

There are several advantages to catheter-based treatments:

• Minimally Invasive: These procedures typically involve small incisions, reducing the risk of infection and blood loss.
• Shorter Recovery Time: Patients often return to normal activities much sooner than after open-heart surgery.
• Lower Risk: For many patients, catheter-based procedures pose fewer risks compared to traditional surgical approaches.
• Customizable Solutions: Catheter-based treatments can be adapted to address a wide range of congenital heart defects.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Before the procedure, your heart care team will carefully walk you through the pre-procedure tests, such as imaging or blood work.

During the procedure, you will be under sedation or general anesthesia. Most patients go home the same day or after a short hospital stay. Afterwards, your doctor will guide you on post-procedure care and any necessary follow-up appointments.

Who is a Candidate for Catheter-based Treatments?

Not all patients with congenital heart disease are candidates for catheter-based treatments. The decision depends on several factors, such as the type and severity of the heart defect, your overall health and your medical history.

It is important to consult with a congenital heart specialist to determine the best treatment option for you.